About 48 scholarly journals are published in Iran in the area of agriculture and related fields which are responsible for the scientific communication among Iranian researchers and scientists of the area. The present research aimed to examine the accessibility degree of these journals on the web. The results show that these 48 journals have published 1921 issues by the end of March 2007. about 31% of these issues have been converted into electronic form (19% in full text form and 11.9% as abstract) and are available through the internet. While 30 publishers have provided direct access to their journals (through their independent or affiliated websites), 11 publishers have made available indirect access to their journals through some mediator websites. The results also indicate that the journals that came into existence in recent years tend to make their content available in electronic form. Almost none of the preceding issues of 1997 have been converted into electronic form. According to the findings of this survey, the number of issues providing full text papers has gradually increased. On the other hand, a review of the journals’ websites also shows that about 60% of them are up to date, 89% of them have an archive of their previous issues, and 57% of the journals provide their users with search/ browse facilities.

Counter-urbanization has been defined with many definitions in research literature as increasing of the small town population in the process of urban expansion and development. This study investigates the counter-urbanization process in Isfahan metropolitan area based on an exploratory method using the population and immigration data, diurnal commuting, and the immigration motivators. The results show that, during different periods, population growth has been changed from the greater cities’ metropolitan area to the small towns. So that, there is less population growth near the main greater cities during the last decade. Regarding the immigration as well as migration effectiveness over the population, and immigration motivators, it can be said that the most important parameters of small towns’ expansion near the greater cities are better habitation opportunities, and finding better jobs. Furthermore, decreasing the diurnal commuting close to the greater cities shows that small towns, which are farther from the greater city, have more autonomy. In addition, based on polarization reversal model, and population development investigation in metropolitan areas, there are population development from the greater cities’ centre to the periphery area, which is leaded to decrease the population of the main greater city, and increase the population absorption in small towns. Consequently, the urbanization of Isfahan metropolitan area has entered to a counter-urbanization phase.

Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) have attracted a lot of attention in recent researches as they play a vital role in diagnosing, controlling and treating diseases. These networks can improve the quality of medical services by following the health status of people and providing online medical advice for them, momentarily. Despite the numerous advantages of these networks, they may cause irrecoverable problems for patients, if security considerations are not properly met. So, it is very important to find solutions for satisfying security requirements in these networks. A signcryption scheme can be considered as one of the most important cryptographic tools for providing the security requirements in WBANs. Recently, Kasyoka et al. proposed a signcryption scheme based on which they designed an access control protocol for WBANs. They proved the security of their proposals in the random oracle model (ROM). In this paper, we concentrate on Kasyoka et al. ’s proposals and show that their proposed signcryption scheme and consequently their proposed access control protocol for WBANs are vulnerable against various attacks, in contrast to their claims. Afterward, we fix the scheme to be secure against our proposed attacks.

Background: Angioaccess is one of the main treatment procedures for surgeons considering dialysis patients. End stage renal disease patients have to spend most of their lives under dialysis; therefore, given the high expenditure of angioaccess surgeries, this study was conducted to evaluate the patency rate and complications of arteriovenous access operations.Methods: In this prospective study, 169 patients underwent 311 access surgeries for hemodialysis. Data was collected through questionnaires and analyzed by SPSS.Findings: Life table analysis showed that of 169 patients with fistulas, 84.9% of cases were patent after 2 months, and 80.5% and 73% were patent after 4 and 6 months, respectively. There was no significant difference between diabetic and non-diabetic patients patency rate in cubital access, but the patency rate in distal fistulas was significantly lower in diabetics. Different complications were recorded in 48.6% of patients, mainly heart failure and mild edema.Conclusion: Diabetes was higher among our cases than normal population which can be due to poor screening programs and low information on risks and correct follow-up of patients. In diabetic patients, cubital fistulas should be considered prior to distal accesses. Complication rate in our study was higher than those reported. Since complications are significantly surgeon dependent, more attention to residential education and participating in related workshops can be helpful.

One of the item that has the highest share in household expenditure, is housing spending. In recent years, the house price increasing has caused many poor households not to able to have this important commodity. The current study examines the relationship between income inequality and housing access for low-income households in urban areas of different provinces using the micro -data of Households’ Income and Expenditures surveys over the period 2008 to 2014. Result demonstrate that increase income inequality leads to decrease residual income, to increase household's rent to income ratio and to decrease using of housing; while the mentioned relation is reversed for high- income household. But, increase of variety of housing causes to decrease the effect of income inequality on housing access. Therefore, proportional distribution of economic activity regarding to comparative advantage in different provinces and providing the necessary infrastructure can be considered as an important policy to increase the access for low-income households.